International Journal of Multidisciplinary Department
FEAR-BASED MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE EFFECTIVENESS IN TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.
Abstract
This study examined fear-based motivation and employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms in Delta State. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of job insecurity on employee effectiveness and to examine the effect of supervisory intimidation on employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms in Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 300 employees was selected from major telecommunication firms operating in the study area, out of which 280 questionnaires were properly completed and returned, representing a 93.3% response rate.Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that supervisory intimidation has a significant negative effect on employee effectiveness (β = -0.41, t = -7.85, p = 0.000), while job insecurity also has a significant negative effect on employee effectiveness (β = -0.36, t = -6.92, p = 0.000). The model summary showed that fear-based motivation variables explained 46.2% of the variation in employee effectiveness (R² = 0.462), and the overall model was statistically significant (F = 118.45, p < 0.05).Findings from the study indicate that both supervisory intimidation and job insecurity significantly reduce employee effectiveness by lowering morale, increasing workplace anxiety, and reducing productivity. The study concludes that fear-based motivation is counterproductive and unsustainable in enhancing employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms. It further concludes that positive motivational strategies are more effective in improving employee performance.The study recommends that management of telecommunication firms should discourage supervisory intimidation, adopt supportive leadership styles, and improve job security through transparent organizational policies and employee engagement practices.The study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical evidence from Delta State, Nigeria, on the negative effects of fear-based motivation on employee effectiveness, thereby enriching literature on workplace motivation in the telecommunications sector.
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Practice-Led Explorations of the Cape Coast Crab Motif in Tie-and-Dye and Kente Textiles
Abstract
This scholarly article reconceptualizes the fabric workshop as a living repository—an active hub for generating and safeguarding ancestral wisdom. It achieves this through a hands-on examination of the Oguaa (Cape Coast) crustacean emblem, reimagining it via resist-dyeing and adapted Kente weaving methods. Deeply rooted in the ancestral heritage of Ghana's Cape Coast, the Oguaa Akoto crustacean embodies profound philosophical values like tenacity, flexibility, tactical brilliance, and collective endurance. Nevertheless, its modern integration within fabric artistry is a largely neglected area in academic literature. Utilizing a qualitative, creation-driven framework, this research combines practical studio trials as the core investigative tool with historical reviews and guided conversations involving local artisans and cultural experts within the Cape Coast metropolitan area. The creative journey—covering ideation, material testing, fabrication, and visual evaluation—operates as the primary method of discovering knowledge, rather than a mere secondary component. The outcomes demonstrate that the workshop acts as an evolving vault where traditional symbology is simultaneously conserved and reinvented. Expressed through resist-dyeing and woven Kente, the crustacean emblem preserves its intellectual profundity while adopting fresh visual styles that resonate with modern sociocultural dynamics. This inquiry enriches academic discourse on creation-based investigative frameworks, native epistemologies, and the capacity of tangible artifacts to uphold immaterial cultural legacies in present-day Ghanaian textile creation.
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African Time and Event Management in Akwa Ibom State: Its Impact on Punctuality and Efficiency in Social and Corporate Occasions
Abstract
This study examines African Time and Event Management in Akwa Ibom State: Its Impact on Punctuality and Efficiency in Social and Corporate Occasions. The research aims to explore how cultural perceptions of time influence punctuality and the overall effectiveness of event management within the state. A qualitative research design was adopted, using in-depth interviews to gather data from participants including event planners, corporate employees, business professionals, and regular attendees of social events in Akwa Ibom State. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of twenty (20) participants with relevant experience. Data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and insights. The findings reveal that African Time, characterized by a flexible and relaxed approach to timekeeping, is widely accepted in social events in Akwa Ibom State. Lateness is often expected and socially tolerated, contributing to delays and inefficiencies in event execution. In contrast, corporate settings in the state demonstrate a higher level of time consciousness due to organizational structures and global business practices, although challenges with punctuality still persist. The study further shows that poor adherence to time negatively affects event efficiency, leading to increased costs, disorganization, and reduced participant engagement. While African Time reflects important cultural values, it poses significant challenges to effective event management in both social and corporate contexts in Akwa Ibom State. The study recommends stricter enforcement of event schedules, increased public awareness of the importance of punctuality, professionalization of event management, and the use of technology to improve time management practices. It also emphasizes the need to balance cultural values with modern efficiency demands within the local context.
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Teak plantation governance of Villagers in Luang Prabang Province under the control the Luang Prabang Teak Program (LPTP)
Abstract
This study examines the governance of community teak plantations in Luang Prabang Province. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the governance structure of teak plantations in the northern uplands of Laos, with a focus on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification and teak timber production for FSC markets. The results show that the program established a plantation governance system and an FSC-certified group entity by the end of 2010, achieving FSC certification in the first four villages involved in community plantation governance in Laos. However, the FSC certification system ceased operating in 2016. Nevertheless, LPTP has continued to maintain the governance system up to the present. Ban Kokngiew had a clearer group administrative structure and more experience in group management than Ban Ansavanh. Teak plantation management generally followed the planned system, except for issues related to taxation after official registration of plantations and fee reductions when selling timber. Moreover, the communities received support from several projects, including funding for the establishment of a group office from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and The Forest Trust (TFT). Teak exports from Laos mainly go to China, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is estimated that 95% of teak wood produced in Luang Prabang is exported, while only 5% is used locally. However, only a small proportion of teak timber from both villages is FSC-certified and traded in FSC markets.
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Access is True Inclusion: An Appraisal of the Theory of Accessism
Abstract
This essay critiques Accessism, a structural epistemological paradigm that requires access for knowledge development and inclusion. The study draws on classical epistemology's focus on justified true belief to argue that standard theories fail to address epistemic engagement prerequisites. Accessism emphasises accessibility and exposure as prerequisites for belief development, justification, and information acquisition. The paper examines Accessism's axioms, knowledge construction dependency chain, and epistemic process formalisation using a conceptual-analytical method. Accessism has its roots in rationalism, empiricism, critical philosophy, and social epistemology, showing that it is a meta-epistemological paradigm that integrates structural and cognitive knowledge. The approach challenges the normative claim that access equals inclusion by arguing that language, technology, and institutional frameworks strongly influence epistemic involvement. This theory emphasises access as a key area of exclusion and inequality, improving epistemic injustice discourse. A critical appraisal finds conceptual clarity, transdisciplinary applicability, and educational and technological disparities relevance. Limitations include the lack of operational measurements for access, insufficient empirical validation, and unresolved ambiguity between structural and cognitive knowledge determinants. The study found that Accessism profoundly widens epistemology by reframing knowledge within enabling contexts. It claims that inclusion is a facade without access, but equitable access promotes epistemic participation and knowledge democratisation.
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A Modified Ant Colony Optimization Bagging Framework for Software Defect Prediction
Abstract
Software defects represent a persistent challenge in modern software development, frequently leading to system failures, elevated maintenance costs, and reduced software reliability. Conventional single-classifier defect prediction models often fail to capture the complex, non-linear relationships among software metrics, resulting in limited predictive accuracy and elevated false positive rates. This paper proposes MACO-BAG, a hybrid framework integrating Modified Ant Colony Optimization (MACO) with Bagging ensemble learning for software defect prediction. MACO incorporates an Elitism Mutation mechanism to overcome the premature convergence of standard ACO, enabling more precise and stable feature selection. The selected features train an ensemble of Decision Trees, SVMs, and Random Forests within a Bagging framework. Experiments on the NASA-MDP dataset (1,048 software modules) under four train–test splits demonstrate MACO-BAG achieving 98.12% accuracy, 97.89% precision, 99.00% sensitivity, 96.80% specificity, and a false positive rate of 3.20% in 17.58 seconds; consistently outperforming baseline Bagging (94.62%) and ACO-Bagging (96.42%).