International Journal of Multidisciplinary Department
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Department
FEAR-BASED MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE EFFECTIVENESS IN TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.
Abstract
This study examined fear-based motivation and employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms in Delta State. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of job insecurity on employee effectiveness and to examine the effect of supervisory intimidation on employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms in Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 300 employees was selected from major telecommunication firms operating in the study area, out of which 280 questionnaires were properly completed and returned, representing a 93.3% response rate.Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that supervisory intimidation has a significant negative effect on employee effectiveness (β = -0.41, t = -7.85, p = 0.000), while job insecurity also has a significant negative effect on employee effectiveness (β = -0.36, t = -6.92, p = 0.000). The model summary showed that fear-based motivation variables explained 46.2% of the variation in employee effectiveness (R² = 0.462), and the overall model was statistically significant (F = 118.45, p < 0.05).Findings from the study indicate that both supervisory intimidation and job insecurity significantly reduce employee effectiveness by lowering morale, increasing workplace anxiety, and reducing productivity. The study concludes that fear-based motivation is counterproductive and unsustainable in enhancing employee effectiveness in telecommunication firms. It further concludes that positive motivational strategies are more effective in improving employee performance.The study recommends that management of telecommunication firms should discourage supervisory intimidation, adopt supportive leadership styles, and improve job security through transparent organizational policies and employee engagement practices.The study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical evidence from Delta State, Nigeria, on the negative effects of fear-based motivation on employee effectiveness, thereby enriching literature on workplace motivation in the telecommunications sector.
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Practice-Led Explorations of the Cape Coast Crab Motif in Tie-and-Dye and Kente Textiles
Abstract
This scholarly article reconceptualizes the fabric workshop as a living repository—an active hub for generating and safeguarding ancestral wisdom. It achieves this through a hands-on examination of the Oguaa (Cape Coast) crustacean emblem, reimagining it via resist-dyeing and adapted Kente weaving methods. Deeply rooted in the ancestral heritage of Ghana's Cape Coast, the Oguaa Akoto crustacean embodies profound philosophical values like tenacity, flexibility, tactical brilliance, and collective endurance. Nevertheless, its modern integration within fabric artistry is a largely neglected area in academic literature. Utilizing a qualitative, creation-driven framework, this research combines practical studio trials as the core investigative tool with historical reviews and guided conversations involving local artisans and cultural experts within the Cape Coast metropolitan area. The creative journey—covering ideation, material testing, fabrication, and visual evaluation—operates as the primary method of discovering knowledge, rather than a mere secondary component. The outcomes demonstrate that the workshop acts as an evolving vault where traditional symbology is simultaneously conserved and reinvented. Expressed through resist-dyeing and woven Kente, the crustacean emblem preserves its intellectual profundity while adopting fresh visual styles that resonate with modern sociocultural dynamics. This inquiry enriches academic discourse on creation-based investigative frameworks, native epistemologies, and the capacity of tangible artifacts to uphold immaterial cultural legacies in present-day Ghanaian textile creation.
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African Time and Event Management in Akwa Ibom State: Its Impact on Punctuality and Efficiency in Social and Corporate Occasions
Abstract
This study examines African Time and Event Management in Akwa Ibom State: Its Impact on Punctuality and Efficiency in Social and Corporate Occasions. The research aims to explore how cultural perceptions of time influence punctuality and the overall effectiveness of event management within the state. A qualitative research design was adopted, using in-depth interviews to gather data from participants including event planners, corporate employees, business professionals, and regular attendees of social events in Akwa Ibom State. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of twenty (20) participants with relevant experience. Data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and insights. The findings reveal that African Time, characterized by a flexible and relaxed approach to timekeeping, is widely accepted in social events in Akwa Ibom State. Lateness is often expected and socially tolerated, contributing to delays and inefficiencies in event execution. In contrast, corporate settings in the state demonstrate a higher level of time consciousness due to organizational structures and global business practices, although challenges with punctuality still persist. The study further shows that poor adherence to time negatively affects event efficiency, leading to increased costs, disorganization, and reduced participant engagement. While African Time reflects important cultural values, it poses significant challenges to effective event management in both social and corporate contexts in Akwa Ibom State. The study recommends stricter enforcement of event schedules, increased public awareness of the importance of punctuality, professionalization of event management, and the use of technology to improve time management practices. It also emphasizes the need to balance cultural values with modern efficiency demands within the local context.
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Teak plantation governance of Villagers in Luang Prabang Province under the control the Luang Prabang Teak Program (LPTP)
Abstract
This study examines the governance of community teak plantations in Luang Prabang Province. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the governance structure of teak plantations in the northern uplands of Laos, with a focus on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification and teak timber production for FSC markets. The results show that the program established a plantation governance system and an FSC-certified group entity by the end of 2010, achieving FSC certification in the first four villages involved in community plantation governance in Laos. However, the FSC certification system ceased operating in 2016. Nevertheless, LPTP has continued to maintain the governance system up to the present. Ban Kokngiew had a clearer group administrative structure and more experience in group management than Ban Ansavanh. Teak plantation management generally followed the planned system, except for issues related to taxation after official registration of plantations and fee reductions when selling timber. Moreover, the communities received support from several projects, including funding for the establishment of a group office from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and The Forest Trust (TFT). Teak exports from Laos mainly go to China, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is estimated that 95% of teak wood produced in Luang Prabang is exported, while only 5% is used locally. However, only a small proportion of teak timber from both villages is FSC-certified and traded in FSC markets.
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Access is True Inclusion: An Appraisal of the Theory of Accessism
Abstract
This essay critiques Accessism, a structural epistemological paradigm that requires access for knowledge development and inclusion. The study draws on classical epistemology's focus on justified true belief to argue that standard theories fail to address epistemic engagement prerequisites. Accessism emphasises accessibility and exposure as prerequisites for belief development, justification, and information acquisition. The paper examines Accessism's axioms, knowledge construction dependency chain, and epistemic process formalisation using a conceptual-analytical method. Accessism has its roots in rationalism, empiricism, critical philosophy, and social epistemology, showing that it is a meta-epistemological paradigm that integrates structural and cognitive knowledge. The approach challenges the normative claim that access equals inclusion by arguing that language, technology, and institutional frameworks strongly influence epistemic involvement. This theory emphasises access as a key area of exclusion and inequality, improving epistemic injustice discourse. A critical appraisal finds conceptual clarity, transdisciplinary applicability, and educational and technological disparities relevance. Limitations include the lack of operational measurements for access, insufficient empirical validation, and unresolved ambiguity between structural and cognitive knowledge determinants. The study found that Accessism profoundly widens epistemology by reframing knowledge within enabling contexts. It claims that inclusion is a facade without access, but equitable access promotes epistemic participation and knowledge democratisation.
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A Modified Ant Colony Optimization Bagging Framework for Software Defect Prediction
Abstract
Software defects represent a persistent challenge in modern software development, frequently leading to system failures, elevated maintenance costs, and reduced software reliability. Conventional single-classifier defect prediction models often fail to capture the complex, non-linear relationships among software metrics, resulting in limited predictive accuracy and elevated false positive rates. This paper proposes MACO-BAG, a hybrid framework integrating Modified Ant Colony Optimization (MACO) with Bagging ensemble learning for software defect prediction. MACO incorporates an Elitism Mutation mechanism to overcome the premature convergence of standard ACO, enabling more precise and stable feature selection. The selected features train an ensemble of Decision Trees, SVMs, and Random Forests within a Bagging framework. Experiments on the NASA-MDP dataset (1,048 software modules) under four train–test splits demonstrate MACO-BAG achieving 98.12% accuracy, 97.89% precision, 99.00% sensitivity, 96.80% specificity, and a false positive rate of 3.20% in 17.58 seconds; consistently outperforming baseline Bagging (94.62%) and ACO-Bagging (96.42%).
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FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIENTS’ CHOICE OF REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS IN PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Abstract
The increasing complexities of property transactions in Nigeria, coupled with the prevalence of informal agents, have raised concerns about service quality, professional ethics, and the protection of clients’ interests. This research investigates the factors influencing clients’ choice of real estate professionals in property transactions within the Ibadan metropolis, with particular attention to the comparative roles of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, and unregistered property agents. The study adopts a survey research design and utilizes structured questionnaires administered to a purposive sample of property buyers, sellers, and tenants (276 respondents) across selected locations in Ibadan metropolis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings shows that professionalism, trustworthiness, and formal registration with relevant regulatory body are primary determinants of clients’ choices, while affordability, proximity, and marketing strategies also significantly influence decisions. Many clients expressed limited awareness of the legal implications of engaging unregistered agents, highlighting a need for stronger public sensitization. This research concludes that the promotion of ethical standards, stricter regulatory enforcement, and increased public education on the roles of registered Estate Surveyors and Valuers are essential in improving transparency, service quality, and clients’ satisfaction in the Nigerian real estate sector. The study recommended estate surveyors and valuers should engage public enlightenment on the need to engage them on the professional services they render so that the government and NGOs can support too. The stakeholders, professional bodies and practitioners should bridge the gap between formal and informal service provisions in the property market.
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Preparation And Identification Nano Activated Carbon from The Date Seeds And Pomegranate Peels.
Abstract
The research included preparing activated carbon and nano scale from the date seeds and pomegranate peels. The preparedcharcoal was diagnosed using different techniques such as the UV-Vis spectrum , infrared spectrum ( FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM), as the results of the UV-Vis spectrum showed that activated charcoal it was observed that the absorption spectrum of the C-NPs particles was 400 nm , as the resultsof FT-IR spectrum showed that the activated charcoal did not contain any combination effective , that is , it is chemically inert, as the results of both (XRD) and (SEM) showed the minute volume of activated charcoal within the range approxant to the nano scale siz 11.08nm and the shape of the (pores) on the surface of the prepared activated charcoal bearing the properties of the nanomaterial with their properties, and some physical properties were also studied. coal such as the percentage of moisture, density and acidic function and the percentage of ash content , where it has a percentage of which has up to (3.3%), the density of (0.394 g/〖cm〗^(-1)) ) and the ash content was (5%) while the PH( 7) function.
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Design and Fabrication of a Domestic Biogas Plant for Cooking Purpose
Abstract
The increasing demand for clean, affordable, and sustainable energy has intensified the need for viable alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, particularly for domestic cooking applications in developing countries. This study focuses on the design and fabrication of a domestic biogas plant for cooking, utilizing biodegradable household waste and animal dung as feedstock for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. The system provides a sustainable solution to energy scarcity and improper waste disposal in rural and semi-urban communities. The biogas plant was designed using standard engineering principles, considering parameters such as gas yield, hydraulic retention time, substrate composition, temperature, and digester volume. Locally available materials were used in the construction of the system to ensure cost-effectiveness and ease of maintenance. Major components include the digester tank, gas holder, inlet and outlet pipes, and a biogas burner system for cooking applications. The result shows that methane-rich biogas was produced within 7–10 days after initial loading, indicating effective anaerobic digestion. The generated biogas was successfully utilized for cooking, demonstrating stable combustion and practical applicability for domestic use. The study highlights the potential of biogas technology in reducing dependence on traditional fuels such as firewood and kerosene, while promoting sustainable waste management. The developed system offers an efficient and affordable solution for household cooking energy, with potential for wider adoption in developing regions.
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Unrecognised Peacebuilders: The Role of Rural Women in Conflict Transformation in Uganda’s Karamoja Sub-Region
Abstract
Rural women play a vital yet often unacknowledged role in sustaining peace within conflict-affected regions. This study explores the contributions of rural women in Kaabong and Moroto districts of Uganda’s Karamoja sub-region—a region characterized by protracted cattle raiding, drought, and structural marginalization. Using a convergent mixed-method design involving questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with 73 participants, the study identifies the multiple peacebuilding functions women perform within households and communities. Findings reveal that 89.04% of respondents recognized women’s positive influence in resolving local conflicts, and 79.5% acknowledged women’s capacity to promote peace within families. Despite these achievements, women’s efforts are constrained by patriarchal norms, gender-based violence, and limited access to resources. The study concludes that empowering rural women through education, leadership inclusion, and economic independence is essential for sustainable peace. Policy recommendations are made in line with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security.
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Succession Planning and Organizational Sustainability in Healthcare Institutions in Nigeria
Abstract
When critical staff members leave a facility without well-trained replacements ready to step in, it often leads to operational chaos, a depletion of institutional knowledge, sluggish decision-making, and an overall decline in efficiency. Within the Nigerian medical sector, these issues are compounded by the constant emigration of skilled workers, significant voids in leadership, the exit of seasoned veterans, inadequate administrative training, and the continuous drain of top-tier talent to international clinics. Such challenging circumstances have heightened anxieties regarding the long-term viability of these medical facilities and their ability to provide uninterrupted patient care. Consequently, this paper investigates how preparing for leadership transitions impacts the enduring stability of Nigerian medical centers. By utilizing the frameworks of Human Capital Theory and the Resource-Based View Theory alongside established academic research, this study investigates the ways in which leadership pipelines foster continuous governance, preserve crucial expertise, stabilize the employee base, nurture professional growth, and build institutional toughness—all of which are necessary for securing long-term advancement, upholding care standards, and adjusting to fluctuating external environments. Ultimately, this manuscript determines that proactively identifying future leaders is an essential tactic for fortifying institutional endurance, advising that such practices be firmly woven into the broader workforce management strategies across the nation's health sector.
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A Problem-Based Learning Model for Hindi Listening Instruction: A Focus on A2–B1 Learners
Abstract
This study proposes a problem-based learning (PBL) model for teaching Hindi listening to second-year university learners at the A2–B1 level. Hindi listening classes have long drawn on a range of audio, including films, dramas, news, dialogues, textbook recordings, and machine-translation audio, but the work has usually stopped at checking content or parsing vocabulary and sentence patterns. This study ties listening to authentic problem-solving so that learners experience it not as a plain comprehension drill but as a process of searching for information, negotiating meaning, carrying out a task, and producing an output. To that end it applies the core principles of PBL, namely authentic problems, ill-structured tasks, small-group collaboration, self-directed learning, and the teacher as facilitator, to a Hindi listening class, and it offers problem scenarios and project tasks suited to A2–B1 learners. The study does not test the model in class, but it is useful in setting out a concrete design framework and a direction for developing problems so that PBL can be used in Hindi listening instruction.
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EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF WITHDRAWAL OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON THE OPERATIONS OF NGOs: CHARTING A PATHWAY FOR FUTURE LOCAL DONOR ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract
The withdrawal of international donor organizations from many African countries has generated significant implications for the operational sustainability of local Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Historically, international organizations have played central roles in funding technical assistance, humanitarian interventions, governance strengthening, policy influence, and institutional capacity development across Africa. However, changing geopolitical priorities, economic recessions, localization policies, donor fatigue, anti-NGO regulations, and the global transition from aid-based engagement to trade-oriented partnerships have contributed to the gradual reduction of donor presence in several developing regions. This study examines the effects of withdrawal of international organizations on the operations of NGOs and charts a pathway for future local donor organizations in Africa. The findings reveal that the withdrawal of international organizations exposes critical institutional vulnerabilities within local NGOs, including funding collapse, staff layoffs, weak adaptive capacity, reduced service delivery, mission drift, and fragile organizational sustainability. The study concludes that the future sustainability of African NGOs depends on deliberate efforts to decolonize development practice, institutionalize participatory governance, strengthen local philanthropy, and invest in resilient institutional systems. The emergence of African-led philanthropic organizations such as the Tony Elumelu Foundation, Dangote Foundation, Abdul Samad Rabiu Africa Initiative, African Women’s Development Fund, and TrustAfrica presents significant opportunities for redefining development financing within Africa. The study therefore recommends policy reforms that prioritize participatory grant-making, unrestricted institutional funding, strategic co-creation, and stronger accountability mechanisms for local donor organizations.
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EXEGETICAL STUDY OF TURNING OF WATER TO WINE IN JOHN 2:1-11: ITS RELEVANCE TO THE AFRICAN IGBO CULTURAL SETTING AND VALUES OF RESPECT AND REVERENCE
Abstract
John’s (2:1-11) account of Jesus turning water into wine at Cana constitutes the first of his signs in John’s Gospel. It serves as a foundational revelation of his divine identity, messianic mission and glory. This study presents an exegetical study of Cana narrative, employing historical-critical, literary and theological approaches to examine the meaning of the text within the Johnanine community context and its relevance to the African Igbo cultural values of respect and relevance to elders and parents that seem fast eroding in the contemporary time. The paper explores the narrative dynamics involving Jesus, Mary, the servants and the wedding guests. The exegesis reveals that the miracle transcends the provision of wine in the wedding celebration and functions as symbolic manifestation of Jesus’ glory which inspires faith among his disciples. The mother of Jesus’ sensitivity to the hosts’ need and instruction to the servants: “do whatever he tells you,” underscores the importance of trust, obedience and reverence to divine authority. Also, the servants’ unquestioning compliance with Mary and Jesus’ directives demonstrates humility and respect that become instrumental in the realization of the miracle. The miracle preserved the hosts’ honour and dignity reflecting the biblical concern for communal wellbeing and social harmony. In relation to the African Igbo cultural milieu, the study identifies significant parallels between the values embodied in the Cana event and the traditional Igbo ideas of nsopuru (respect) and ugwu (reverence). Igbo society places premium on respect for parents, elders, communal leaders and sacred institutions. The actions of Mary and the servants mirror these cultural values. Jesus’ intervention to avert public embarrassment resonates with the Igbo commitment to preserving the family dignity and strengthening of communal relationships. The study concludes that by highlighting obedience, respect for authority, and reverence for God and concern for human dignity, John 2:1-11 provides a rich theological framework for engaging and reinforcing Igbo cultural values of respect for parents and elders that seem fast eroding in the contemporary African society due to the influence of modernism, social media influence, etc.